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en Factors Affecting the Preparedness of Hospital Emergency Department Staff in Responding to Hazardous Materials and Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents Aims: Hazardous Materials and Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear incidents can occur randomly or intentionally. These events are often unpredictable and invisible, leading to fear, anxiety, and disruption in healthcare services within the community. The researcher aimed to conduct a comprehensive and targeted study to identify the factors influencing the preparedness of hospital emergency department staff for Hazardous Materials and Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear incidents. Information & Methods: This review study was sourced from Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Magiran Databases from January 1, 2005, to April 1, 2024. The search components were preparedness, emergency departments, Hazardous Materials incidents, and Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear incidents. After excluding all articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the full texts of 34 articles that met the criteria were obtained and reviewed. Findings: Following the review and several readings with content analysis, meaningful units related to the research questions were categorized into 24 subcategories. These subcategories were then grouped into nine categories based on their similarities and differences: resources, training and exercises, contamination control and treatment, coordination, evaluation and planning, categorization and guidelines, casualty management, communications and information systems, and hospital management structure. Conclusion: Emergency department staff's preparedness to respond to Hazardous Materials and Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear incidents is limited. Each of the nine identified categories and their subcategories requires careful implementation and upgrading in alignment. Emergency Preparedness,Disaster,Emergency Responders,Biohazard Release,Chemical Hazard Release, 63 74 http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2027-4&slc_lang=en&sid=3 F. Ghaffari 1003194753284600379553 1003194753284600379553 No Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S.A.H. Pishgooie 1003194753284600379552 1003194753284600379552 Yes Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Member, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran A. Zareiyan 1003194753284600379663 1003194753284600379663 No Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S. Sharififar 1003194753284600379664 1003194753284600379664 No Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S. Azarmi 1003194753284600379665 1003194753284600379665 No Department of Military Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran