en <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Aims: </span></span></b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Medical evidence shows that Visfatin and Leptin are related to multiple metabolic Problems, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to assess Visfatin and Leptin levels in type 2 diabetic patients with and without atherosclerosis.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Instruments & Methods: </span></span></b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">This descriptive study was conducted on 30 diabetic patients, 30 patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, and 30 seemingly healthy persons (as a control group) in Babylon Province, Iraq, and their serum Visfatin and Leptin levels were assessed by ELISA procedure. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS 21 software.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Findings:</span></span></b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> In diabetic patients and patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis, the level of Visfatin was significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.0001). There was a significant increase in Leptin level in diabetic patients compared to the control group (p=0.0001), while Leptin level showed a significant decrease in patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis than in the control group (p=0.0001). Also, the mean body mass index in diabetic patients and patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis was significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.0001).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> Visfatin serum levels are significantly higher in atherosclerosis patients compared to healthy people, while low Leptin and high Visfatin expression are seen in patients with diabetes.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,Atherosclerosis,Leptin,Visfatin,Body Mass Index,Iraq, 11 15 http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2037-1&slc_lang=en&sid=3 W.Z. Mohi 1003194753284600378880 1003194753284600378880 No Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq K.A. Shemran 1003194753284600378879 1003194753284600378879 Yes Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq Y. Alsaffar 1003194753284600378822 1003194753284600378822 No Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq