en <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Aims: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are critical steps in general anesthesia and elicit significant sympatho-adrenal responses. Mitigating these responses is essential for safely inducing anesthesia, especially in patients with cardiac or cerebrovascular disease, as these responses can lead to serious complications. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two methods of administering lidocaine in attenuating the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. <b><span style="color:#f79646"></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Materials & Methods: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">In this experimental study,<b> </b></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">78 patients were divided into three groups (each 26 members). The control group received 5ml of intravenous normal saline and induction drugs. The intravenous lidocaine group received 1.5mg/kg of 2% intravenous lidocaine 2 minutes before laryngoscopy and intubation. The nebulized lidocaine group was administered 4ml of 2% lidocaine via a cirrus nebulizer with a 5L/min oxygen flow, usually 10 to 15 minutes, followed immediately by induction.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Findings:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">Demographic data across the three groups showed no significant differences. However, when comparing the control and nebulized lidocaine groups, nebulized lidocaine had a significant advantage in attenuating hemodynamic responses. Comparisons between the control and intravenous lidocaine groups revealed significant differences in some readings, indicating an incomplete blunting effect. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">Nebulized lidocaine is more effective than intravenous lidocaine in reducing the hemodynamic changes associated with direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. </span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Nebulized Lidocaine,Infusions, Intravenous,Hemodynamics,Laryngoscopy, 67 74 http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2159-1&slc_lang=en&sid=3 Z.M. Saeed 1003194753284600379273 1003194753284600379273 Yes Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kufa University Jaafar, Kufa, Iraq H. Jaafar 1003194753284600379194 1003194753284600379194 No Department of Surgery, Medical College, Kufa University, Kufa, Iraq S.H.A. Alburkiebh 1003194753284600379193 1003194753284600379193 No Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Surgery, Kufa University, Kufa, Iraq