en <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:#f79646">Aims:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">Scaffolds are replaced with newly formed bone over time through cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, Hesperadin reduces osteoclast activity, preventing the absorption of trabecular bone. This research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of chitosan scaffolds enriched with various concentrations of hesperidin flavonoid on femur fractures by evaluating the expression of <em>Runx2</em> and <em>OCN</em> genes.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:#f79646">Materials & Methods:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">The experimental study employed 36 male Wistar rats, each weighing between 220 and 260g, who were randomly assigned to one of six groups following the establishment of a fracture line in the right leg; control (femur fracture model) and treatment groups with scaffolds loaded with different percentages of hesperidin (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10% by polymer weight). After 2 months, the bones were extracted and studied using histological (Trichromasson stain) and real-time PCR methods. </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:#f79646">Findings:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">Compared to the control group, the evaluation of Real-time PCR results demonstrated a substantial increase in <em>Runx2</em> gene expression in Hesp1%. </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Also, there was a significant decrease in the expression of this gene in the 0% and 10% groups compared to the 1% group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in the expression of the <em>OCN</em> gene. Histological evaluation of the Hesp1% group showed new bone replacement and collagen matrix, compared to the control and the other treated groups.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:#f79646">Conclusion:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-size:10.0pt">A chitosan scaffold containing 1% hesperidin has a potential role in bone lesion repair and is a suitable therapeutic strategy in tissue engineering.</span></span></span></p> Chitosan,Hesperidin,Bone Fracture,Tissue Engineering,Gene,Rat, 43 49 http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2281-1&slc_lang=en&sid=3 A. Dhiya 1003194753284600379652 1003194753284600379652 No Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq M. Haji Ghasem Kashani 1003194753284600379651 1003194753284600379651 Yes Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran N.W. Osamah 1003194753284600379637 1003194753284600379637 No Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq M. Salehi 1003194753284600379485 1003194753284600379485 No Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran B. Manouchehri 1003194753284600379484 1003194753284600379484 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Optometry, Indiana University of Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America A. Elaheh 1003194753284600379483 1003194753284600379483 No Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran