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en Effectiveness of Psychological Resilience Training on Social Participation and Quality of Life of Elderly Mothers with Exceptional Children Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychological resilience training on increasing social participation and improving the quality of life of elderly mothers with exceptional children in Ilam city. The necessity of this research is justified by the additional challenges these mothers face (the simultaneity of aging and caring for an exceptional child) and by the negative consequences of social isolation and reduced quality of life for their physical and mental health. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study used a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included 60 elderly mothers (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) aged 65 years and above, selected through convenience sampling from welfare centers in Ilam city. The intervention consisted of eight 90-minute sessions of structured psychological resilience training. Data were collected using standard questionnaires and analyzed in SPSS 26 using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), independent t-tests, and paired t-tests. Findings: Psychological resilience training significantly increased social participation (from 45.2±6.8 to 62.1±5.4) and improved quality of life in the physical (from 50.3±7.1 to 65.8±6.3), psychological (from 48.6±6.9 to 63.2±5.8), social (from 42.5±5.7 to 58.4±4.9), and environmental (from 47.8±6.4 to 60.1±5.2) dimensions in the experimental group (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion: Psychological resilience training effectively enhances social participation and quality of life among elderly mothers with exceptional children. Psychological Resilience, Social Participation, Quality of Life, Health Education 9 14 http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2309-2&slc_lang=en&sid=3 R. Menati 1003194753284600379782 1003194753284600379782 No Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran N. Omidi 1003194753284600379781 1003194753284600379781 Yes Department of Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Y. Fakour 1003194753284600379780 1003194753284600379780 No Vice Chancellery for Research & Technology, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran F. Mohamadian 1003194753284600380141 1003194753284600380141 No Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran M.R. Omidi 1003194753284600380142 1003194753284600380142 No Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran M. Momtaz-Bakhsh 1003194753284600380143 1003194753284600380143 No Department of Sports Management, Central Tehran Campus (CT.C.), Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran