<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>2</title>
<title_fa>1</title_fa>
<short_title>3</short_title>
<subject>Literature &amp; Humanities</subject>
<web_url>http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>9</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>10</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>8</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>7</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>14</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>8888</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>13</journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1405</year>
	<month>3</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2026</year>
	<month>6</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>18</volume>
<number>2</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa></title_fa>
	<title>Cytochrome P450 2C19 Deficiency as the Sole Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Post-COVID-19 Patients</title>
	<subject_fa></subject_fa>
	<subject></subject>
	<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
	<content_type></content_type>
	<abstract_fa></abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f79646&quot;&gt;Aims:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt; Post-COVID-19 syndrome increases the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism). We examined whether the cytokine-driven inflammatory milieu after COVID-19 continuously decreases circulating cytochrome P450 2C19 activity and whether this reduction independently predicts MACE risk in these patients. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f79646&quot;&gt;Materials &amp; Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt; This &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;prospective, single-center, case-control study was conducted at the Maysan Center for Heart Diseases and Surgery, Maysan Health Directorate, Amarah, Maysan Province, Iraq, from October 2022 to November 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;. A total of 210 adult participants were recruited from the outpatient cardiology and post-COVID-19 follow-up clinics of the Maysan Center for Heart Diseases and Surgery and divided into two groups (n=105 per group).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26 and GraphPad Prism 10.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f79646&quot;&gt;Findings:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt; Case patients had significantly lower plasma cytochrome P450 2C19 activity than post-COVID-19 controls (0.531&amp;plusmn;0.114 vs. 0.812&amp;plusmn;0.071U/L; p&lt;0.001; Cohen&amp;rsquo;s d=2.98). Cytochrome P450 2C19 activity was negatively correlated with hsCRP (r=0.481; p&lt;0.001), IL-6 (r=0.512; p&lt;0.001), and D-dimer (r=0.443; p&lt;0.001). In ROC analysis, CYP2C19 activity showed excellent discrimination for major adverse cardiovascular events after COVID-19 (area under the curve=0.924; 95% CI: 0.889&amp;ndash;0.959; p&lt;0.001). Using an optimal cut-off of 0.6480U/L yielded sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 90.5%. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#f79646&quot;&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt; Markedly reduced post&amp;ndash;COVID-19 cytochrome P450 2C19 enzymatic activity is a standalone, highly reliable independent biomarker for predicting major adverse cardiac events.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
	<keyword>CYP2C19,
Cytochrome P450,
Post-COVID-19,
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) ,
Myocardial Infarction,
IL-6</keyword>
	<start_page>149</start_page>
	<end_page>155</end_page>
	<web_url>http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/browse.php?a_code=A--1-113&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=3</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>A.K.</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Jasim </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>1003194753284600380569</code>
	<orcid>1003194753284600380569</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, University of Manara, Maysan, Iraq</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>H.S.</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Hamadi  </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>1003194753284600380570</code>
	<orcid>1003194753284600380570</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, University of Manara, Maysan, Iraq</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
