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en Effects of Unstable Surface Resistance Training on Memory, Balance, and Muscle Strength of a 68-Year-Old Veteran Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of unstable surface resistance training on cognitive and motor functions in an older war veteran. Materials & Methods: This single-subject experimental study was performed on a 68-year-old male veteran with a history of a lower-limb injury. The intervention consisted of a 4-week unstable surface resistance training program (three sessions per week) using bodyweight squats on a foam surface with progressive overload. Outcome measures included lower-extremity muscular strength (30-second chair stand test), static balance (Romberg test), dynamic balance (timed up and go test), and short-term memory (Wechsler Memory Scale subtests). Assessments were conducted at baseline, during the intervention, and during the withdrawal phases. Findings: Across all outcomes, mean and median values increased from baseline (A1) to the intervention (B) and then decreased during follow-up (A2). Stability within each phase met the 80/25 criterion, and within-phase variability remained below the 40% threshold for every parameter. Relative level changes indicated improvements from A1 to B for lower-limb strength (16.6%→12.5%), static balance eyes open (3.29%→9.73%), static balance eyes closed (1.77%→8.40%), dynamic balance (2.6%→9.17%), and short-term memory (8.69%→16.66%), with partial attenuation at A2. Overall, the intervention produced concurrent gains in physical and short-term cognitive performance, with some decline after cessation but overall trends generally remaining above baseline. Conclusion: Unstable surface resistance training produces concurrent and largely sustained improvements in both lower-limb strength and postural control, with accompanying benefits to short-term memory in the older veteran.   Postural Balance, Cognition, Memory 173 180 http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-116&slc_lang=en&sid=3 M.R. Shahabi Kaseb 1003194753284600380603 1003194753284600380603 Yes Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran N. Parhizmeymandi 1003194753284600380604 1003194753284600380604 No Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran A. Mehranian 1003194753284600380605 1003194753284600380605 No Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran N. Shakerian Toupkanlou 1003194753284600380606 1003194753284600380606 No Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran