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Volume 17, Issue 4 (2025)
3 2025, 17(4): 355-360 |
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Received: 2025/10/6 | Accepted: 2025/11/13 | Published: 2025/11/19
Received: 2025/10/6 | Accepted: 2025/11/13 | Published: 2025/11/19
How to cite this article
Mohammadebrahimi H, Rasooli S, Dorri S, Shahraki S. Development of the “AJA” Haemostatic Pack for Prehospital and Battlefield Haemorrhage Control. 3 2025; 17 (4) :355-360
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URL: http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/article-3-85659-en.html
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1- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2- PhD Candidate, Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- PhD Candidate, Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract (1030 Views)
Aims: Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of mortality on the battlefield and the second most common cause of death in civilian trauma. Despite advances in medical science, effective hemorrhage control in prehospital settings and self-management by injured individuals remain critical challenges. This study aimed to design and develop a hemostatic pack for hemorrhage control in military and civilian environments, incorporating key attributes of an ideal product: rapid efficacy, ease of use, low weight, and cost-effectiveness.
Methods: The study comprised three phases: (1) production of chitosan-impregnated gauze from shrimp shell-derived chitosan; (2) design and fabrication of a self-aid tourniquet modeled on modern military designs; and (3) final product packaging. The pack includes hemostatic gauze, a tourniquet, and Surgifix (an elastic tubular net bandage), all contained in a lightweight, durable pouch.
Findings: The developed pack demonstrated feasibility for sterile production and assembly, with chitosan yields of 5–15 g per 100 g of shrimp shells. The tourniquet prototype weighed 300 g, exceeding commercial models but achieving functional self-application. Packaging ensured a 9-month shelf life under sterilization.
Conclusions: The AJA hemostatic pack represents a low-cost, indigenous solution for prehospital hemorrhage control, promoting self-sufficiency in emergency medical systems. Further validation through animal models and clinical trials is recommended.
Methods: The study comprised three phases: (1) production of chitosan-impregnated gauze from shrimp shell-derived chitosan; (2) design and fabrication of a self-aid tourniquet modeled on modern military designs; and (3) final product packaging. The pack includes hemostatic gauze, a tourniquet, and Surgifix (an elastic tubular net bandage), all contained in a lightweight, durable pouch.
Findings: The developed pack demonstrated feasibility for sterile production and assembly, with chitosan yields of 5–15 g per 100 g of shrimp shells. The tourniquet prototype weighed 300 g, exceeding commercial models but achieving functional self-application. Packaging ensured a 9-month shelf life under sterilization.
Conclusions: The AJA hemostatic pack represents a low-cost, indigenous solution for prehospital hemorrhage control, promoting self-sufficiency in emergency medical systems. Further validation through animal models and clinical trials is recommended.
Keywords:
Hemostatics [MeSH], Tourniquets [MeSH], Chitosan [MeSH], Hemorrhage [MeSH], Emergency Medical Services [MeSH], Military Medicine [MeSH]
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