Afarand Journals

Iranian Journal of War and Public Health

eISSN (English): 2980-969X
eISSN (Persian): 2008-2630
pISSN (Persian): 2008-2622
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Volume 17, Issue 3 (2025)                   3 2025, 17(3): 299-307 | Back to browse issues page

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‎ 10.58209/ijwph.17.3.299

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Received: 2025/05/20 | Accepted: 2025/07/18 | Published: 2025/07/30
How to cite this article
Mousavi B, Behzad Basirat Z. Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sulfur Mustard Exposed Survivors; An Analytical Review. 3 2025; 17 (3) :299-307
URL: http://ijwph.daneshafarand.org/article-3-85644-en.html
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Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sulfur Mustard Exposed Survivors; An Analytical Review
Authors B. Mousavi *1 , Z. Behzad Basirat2
1- Prevention Department, Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran
2- Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran
* Corresponding Author Address: Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), No. 17, Farokh Street, Yaman Street, Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1985946563 (mousavi.b@gmail.com)
Abstract   (819 Views)
Introduction: This study reviewed the impact of sulfur mustard on biomarkers, particularly the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, among exposed survivors after approximately 10 to 30 years of exposure. The review collected studies on human exposure to sulfur mustard. Sulfur mustard exposure was associated with alteration of biomarkers, including pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, BDNF, GM-CSF) and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-10). The long-term effects of sulfur mustard on inflammatory biomarkers warrant further, in-depth mechanistic studies to elucidate potential therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways.
Conclusion: Sulfur mustard induces significant changes in inflammatory markers, including pro-inflammatory (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These changes indicate activation of the innate immune system and initiation of a severe inflammatory response.
Keywords:
Chemical Warfare, Sulfur Mustard, Biomarkers